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A balikbayan box (literally "repatriate box") is a corrugated box containing items sent by overseas Filipinos (known as "balikbayans"). Though often shipped by freight forwarders specializing in balikbayan boxes by sea, such boxes can be brought by Filipinos returning to the Philippines by air. ==History== The balikbayan box arose around the 1980s in the United States brought about by the influx of overseas Filipino workers in the country. The first freight forwarder to offer balikbayan box services was Rico Nunga who started REN International in Los Angeles, California in 1981.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About Us )〕 The following year, Monet Ungco, a Filipino residing in New York founded Port Jersey Shipping International.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About Us )〕 These two companies are considered the pioneers of door-to-door delivery of balikbayan boxes, which back then, were charged import duties upon arrival in the Philippines. On 30 June 1987, then Philippine President Corazon Aquino enacted Executive Order No. 206. This order amended Section 105 (f) and added a new subsection (f-1) to Republic Act No. 1937, also known as the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines, which was signed into law on 22 July 1957 by former president Carlos P. Garcia. The amended Section 105 of the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines provides duty and tax free privileges to balikbayan boxes sent to the Philippines by overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) as recognition of the magnitude of their contribution and sacrifices in foreign lands as well as bringing of a considerable amounts of foreign exchange annually that contributed to the national recovery effort at that time.〔 This allowed tax-free entry of personal goods in the country from Filipinos overseas. People then began sending balikbayan boxes through friends and co-workers who were returning to the Philippines. After the September 11 attacks in the US and the passage of the Patriot Act by the US Congress, balikbayan boxes have been subjected to rigorous inspections by the United States Department of Homeland Security's Out-Bound Exam Team that caused massive delays of up to three weeks at the US Customs inspection facility. This extended shipping time from 21 days to 30 plus days. The inspections also resulted in opened balikbayan boxes and complaints of pilferage and mishandling. The Bureau of Customs also conducts 100% inspections that added to the burden of delayed shipments. The inspections are the result of some unscrupulous individuals who use balikbayan boxes smuggle commercial items without paying taxes or to smuggle contraband. Since balikbayan box shipping is a consolidated shipment, even one illegal item will affect all 400 or so packages inside the container. The inspection process has been modernized with the installation of high performance X-ray machines. In 2012, these delays was further aggravated by the decision of the City of Manila to impose a truck ban along the route to and from the Port of Manila, causing backlogs in releasing and transporting not only balikbayan boxes but all cargoes, domestic and international. Most balikbayan box companies, which are based in Parañaque City near the airport, were heavily affected by the truck ban until it was resolved. To protect the consumers, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), through its Philippine Shipper's Bureau conducts regular accreditation of international freight forwarders and discourages consumer in patronizing unaccredited and incredibly cheap shipping companies. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Balikbayan box」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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